QEMU启动x86-Linux内核

脚本使用方式

环境部署

第一次使用该脚本需要先搭建环境，执行命令如下：

1

qemu-x86-linux.sh default

运行方式

在环境完备的情况下，可以使用两种启动方式启动，一种是通过图形化界面启动，还有一种是通过控制台启动，命令分别如下：

1
2
3


qemu-x86-linux.sh run graphic
和
qemu-x86-linux.sh run nographic

输出运行命令

如果想输出启动方式，需要执行的命令如下：

1
2
3


qemu-x86-linux.sh run_way graphic
和
qemu-x86-linux.sh run_way nographic

脚本内容

  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 24
 25
 26
 27
 28
 29
 30
 31
 32
 33
 34
 35
 36
 37
 38
 39
 40
 41
 42
 43
 44
 45
 46
 47
 48
 49
 50
 51
 52
 53
 54
 55
 56
 57
 58
 59
 60
 61
 62
 63
 64
 65
 66
 67
 68
 69
 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150


linux="linux-5.19";
busybox="busybox-1.35.0";
file_linux="${linux}.tar.gz";
file_busybox="${busybox}.tar.bz2";
busybox_config="busybox-1.35.0/.config";
work_dir_name="qemu-x86-linux";
work_dir="${HOME}/${work_dir_name}";
mkdir -p ${work_dir};
qemu_arch="qemu-system-x86_64"
cd ${work_dir};

tools-install()
{
	package_array=(flex bison libncurses5-dev libelf-dev libssl-dev qemu-system-x86)
	package_array_size=${#package_array[@]}
	for ((i = 0; i < package_array_size; i++))
	do
		# 软件安装
		if [ ! "$(apt list --installed | grep -wo "${package_array[${i}]}" | head -n 1)" = "${package_array[${i}]}" ]; then
			echo -e "\e[34m"
			sudo apt-get install ${package_array[${i}]} -y
			echo -e "\e[0m"
			if [ ! "$(apt list --installed | grep -wo "${package_array[${i}]}" | head -n 1)" = "${package_array[${i}]}" ]; then
				echo -e "\e[31m${package_array[${i}]} 未安装\e[0m"
			else
				echo -e "\e[32m${package_array[${i}]} 已安装\e[0m"
			fi		  
		else
			echo -e "\e[32m${package_array[${i}]} 已安装\e[0m"
		fi
	done	
}

if [ "$1" = "run" ] &&  [ "$2" = "graphic" ]; then		
	$qemu_arch -kernel $work_dir/$linux/arch/x86/boot/bzImage -initrd $work_dir/$busybox/initramfs.cpio.gz -append "init=/init"
elif [ "$1" = "run" ] &&  [ "$2" = "nographic" ]; then	
    $qemu_arch -kernel $work_dir/$linux/arch/x86/boot/bzImage -initrd $work_dir/$busybox/initramfs.cpio.gz -nographic -append "init=/init console=ttyS0"
elif [ "$1" = "help" ]; then
	echo "$0 graphic"
	echo "$0 nographic"
elif [ "$1" = "run_way" ] && [ "$2" = "graphic" ]; then
	echo "$qemu_arch -kernel $work_dir/$linux/arch/x86/boot/bzImage -initrd $work_dir/$busybox/initramfs.cpio.gz -append \"init=/init\""
elif [ "$1" = "run_way" ] && [ "$2" = "nographic" ]; then
	echo "$qemu_arch -kernel $work_dir/$linux/arch/x86/boot/bzImage -initrd $work_dir/$busybox/initramfs.cpio.gz -nographic -append \"init=/init console=ttyS0\""
elif [ "$1" = "default" ]; then
	tools-install

	# 判断linux内核是否准备好	
	while true;
	do
		if [ ! -f "${work_dir}/$file_linux" ]; then		  
			echo -e "\e[32m"
			wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/linux-kernel/v5.x/$file_linux
			echo -e  "\e[0m"
		else
			echo -e "\e[32m${file_linux} 已下载\e[0m"
			break;
		fi		
	done

	# 判断busybox文件是否准备好
	while true;
	do
		if [ ! -f "${work_dir}/$file_busybox" ]; then
			echo -e  "\e[33m"
			# wget --no-check-certificate https://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.32.0.tar.bz2
			wget --no-check-certificate https://busybox.net/downloads/${file_busybox}
			echo -e  "\e[0m"
		else
			echo -e "\e[32m$file_busybox 已下载\e[0m"
			break;
		fi	  	  
	done	

	# 判断linux内核是否解压
	echo -e  "\e[32m"
	# kernel
	if [ -d "${work_dir}/$linux" ]; then
		echo "$linux exists."
	else
		tar xf ${work_dir}/$file_linux -C ${work_dir};
	fi
	echo -e  "\e[0m"

	# 判断busybox文件是否解压
	echo -e  "\e[33m"
	if [ -d "${work_dir}/$busybox" ]; then
		echo "$busybox exists."
	else
		tar xf ${work_dir}/$file_busybox -C ${work_dir};
	fi
	echo -e  "\e[0m"	

	# 编译linux内核
	echo -e  "\e[32m"
	cd  ${work_dir}/${linux};
	make defconfig				# 在x86_64架构上默认编译x86_64_defconfig
	make -j$(nproc)
	echo -e  "\e[0m"

	# 编译busybox，编译之后把"${busybox}/_install/*"拷贝到rootfs目录下
	cd  ${work_dir}/${busybox};
	if [ ! -f "${work_dir}/${busybox}/_install/bin/busybox" ]; then
		echo "# 修改配置，选中如下项目，静态编译"
		echo -e "\e[31m# Settings ?C> Build Options ?C> [*] Build static binary（no share libs）\e[0m"
		echo "# 反选如下项目，否则后续qemu执行会提示 /bin/sh:can't access tty;job control turned off"
		echo -e "\e[31m# Shells  --->  [ ]   Job control\e[0m"
		read -p "仅第一次编译运行时需要进行该操作，回车后要返回该界面可以执行快捷键Ctrl+z，回到menuconfig界面则执行fg，配置完毕后退出并确认保存即可，回车继续" continue;
		make menuconfig	
	fi	
	make -j$(nproc)
	make install
	
	# 制作initramfs
	cd  ${work_dir}/${busybox}/_install/	
	mkdir -p proc sys dev tmp
	touch init
	chmod +x init
	cat > init << \EOF
#!/bin/sh

# 挂载一些必要的文件系统
mount -t proc none /proc
mount -t sysfs none /sys
mount -t tmpfs none /tmp
mount -t devtmpfs none /dev

echo
echo "Hello Linux"

# 显示开机消耗时间

echo "This boot took $(cut -d' ' -f1 /proc/uptime) seconds"
echo

# 停留在控制台
exec /bin/sh
EOF

	if [ -f "initramfs.cpio.gz" ]; then
		echo "initramfs.cpio.gz exists"
	else
		find . -print0 | cpio --null -ov --format=newc | gzip -9 > ../initramfs.cpio.gz
	fi
	
	# QEMU运行虚拟机，通过sd卡加载linux内核	
	$qemu_arch -kernel $work_dir/$linux/arch/x86/boot/bzImage -initrd $work_dir/$busybox/initramfs.cpio.gz -nographic -append "init=/init console=ttyS0"	
elif [ "$1" = "install" ]; then
	tools-install
fi

参考链接

QEMU启动x86-Linux内核

使用qemu搭建arm嵌入式linux开发环境