Cygwin安装与配置

安装Cygwi

基本选项

官网链接

选择通过网络安装 选择root目录,安装用户选择仅个人 选择安装的包的路径 使用系统代理,选择下载源如中科大的或阿里云等国内下载源

安装工具选择

binutils

gcc-core

gdb

mingw64-i686-gcc-core

make(必装)

screen

还有的如:

openssh

unzip

vim

tmux

git

wget

curl

zip

bc

dos2unix

w3m

lynx

emacs

rsync

expect

jq

cpio

配置apt-cyg

方式一

用记事本创建一个名为apt-cyg的文件,复制粘贴进去如下内容,并且文本写完后,用vscode打开,把windows下的换行符CRLF改成linux下的LF 接下来,把刚刚的apt-cyg文件剪贴到Cygwin安装目录的bin文件夹里

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#!/bin/bash
# apt-cyg: install tool for Cygwin similar to debian apt-get
#
# The MIT License (MIT)
#
# Copyright (c) 2013 Trans-code Design
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.

if [ ${BASH_VERSINFO}${BASH_VERSINFO[1]} -lt 42 ]
then
  echo 'Bash version 4.2+ required'
  exit
fi

usage="\
NAME
  apt-cyg - package manager utility

SYNOPSIS
  apt-cyg [operation] [options] [targets]

DESCRIPTION
  apt-cyg is a package management utility that tracks installed packages on a
  Cygwin system. Invoking apt-cyg involves specifying an operation with any
  potential options and targets to operate on. A target is usually a package
  name, file name, URL, or a search string. Targets can be provided as command
  line arguments.

OPERATIONS
  install
    Install package(s).

  remove
    Remove package(s) from the system.

  update
    Download a fresh copy of the master package list (setup.ini) from the
    server defined in setup.rc.

  download
    Retrieve package(s) from the server, but do not install/upgrade anything.

  show
    Display information on given package(s).

  depends
    Produce a dependency tree for a package.

  rdepends
    Produce a tree of packages that depend on the named package.

  list
    Search each locally-installed package for names that match regexp. If no
    package names are provided in the command line, all installed packages will
    be queried.

  listall
    This will search each package in the master package list (setup.ini) for
    names that match regexp.

  category
    Display all packages that are members of a named category.

  listfiles
    List all files owned by a given package. Multiple packages can be specified
    on the command line.

  search
    Search for downloaded packages that own the specified file(s). The path can
    be relative or absolute, and one or more files can be specified.

  searchall
    Search cygwin.com to retrieve file information about packages. The provided
    target is considered to be a filename and searchall will return the
    package(s) which contain this file.

  mirror
    Set the mirror; a full URL to a location where the database, packages, and
    signatures for this repository can be found. If no URL is provided, display
    current mirror.

  cache
    Set the package cache directory. If a file is not found in cache directory,
    it will be downloaded. Unix and Windows forms are accepted, as well as
    absolute or regular paths. If no directory is provided, display current
    cache.

OPTIONS
  --nodeps
    Specify this option to skip all dependency checks.

  --version
    Display version and exit.
"

version="\
apt-cyg version 1

The MIT License (MIT)

Copyright (c) 2005-9 Stephen Jungels
"

function wget {
  if command wget -h &>/dev/null
  then
    command wget "$@"
  else
    warn wget is not installed, using lynx as fallback
    set "${*: -1}"
    lynx -source "$1" > "${1##*/}"
  fi
}

function find-workspace {
  # default working directory and mirror

  # work wherever setup worked last, if possible
  cache=$(awk '
  BEGIN {
    RS = "\n\\<"
    FS = "\n\t"
  }
  $1 == "last-cache" {
    print $2
  }
  ' /etc/setup/setup.rc)

  mirror=$(awk '
  /last-mirror/ {
    getline
    print $1
  }
  ' /etc/setup/setup.rc)
  mirrordir=$(sed '
  s / %2f g
  s : %3a g
  ' <<< "$mirror")

  mkdir -p "$cache/$mirrordir/$arch"
  cd "$cache/$mirrordir/$arch"
  if [ -e setup.ini ]
  then
    return 0
  else
    get-setup
    return 1
  fi
}

function get-setup {
  touch setup.ini
  mv setup.ini setup.ini-save
  wget -N $mirror/$arch/setup.bz2
  if [ -e setup.bz2 ]
  then
    bunzip2 setup.bz2
    mv setup setup.ini
    echo Updated setup.ini
  else
    echo Error updating setup.ini, reverting
    mv setup.ini-save setup.ini
  fi
}

function check-packages {
  if [[ $pks ]]
  then
    return 0
  else
    echo No packages found.
    return 1
  fi
}

function warn {
  printf '\e[1;31m%s\e[m\n' "$*" >&2
}

function apt-update {
  if find-workspace
  then
    get-setup
  fi
}

function apt-category {
  check-packages
  find-workspace
  for pkg in "${pks[@]}"
  do
    awk '
    $1 == "@" {
      pck = $2
    }
    $1 == "category:" && $0 ~ query {
      print pck
    }
    ' query="$pks" setup.ini
  done
}

function apt-list {
  local sbq
  for pkg in "${pks[@]}"
  do
    let sbq++ && echo
    awk 'NR>1 && $1~pkg && $0=$1' pkg="$pkg" /etc/setup/installed.db
  done
  let sbq && return
  awk 'NR>1 && $0=$1' /etc/setup/installed.db
}

function apt-listall {
  check-packages
  find-workspace
  local sbq
  for pkg in "${pks[@]}"
  do
    let sbq++ && echo
    awk '$1~pkg && $0=$1' RS='\n\n@ ' FS='\n' pkg="$pkg" setup.ini
  done
}

function apt-listfiles {
  check-packages
  find-workspace
  local pkg sbq
  for pkg in "${pks[@]}"
  do
    (( sbq++ )) && echo
    if [ ! -e /etc/setup/"$pkg".lst.gz ]
    then
      download "$pkg"
    fi
    gzip -cd /etc/setup/"$pkg".lst.gz
  done
}

function apt-show {
  find-workspace
  check-packages
  for pkg in "${pks[@]}"
  do
    (( notfirst++ )) && echo
    awk '
    $1 == query {
      print
      fd++
    }
    END {
      if (! fd)
        print "Unable to locate package " query
    }
    ' RS='\n\n@ ' FS='\n' query="$pkg" setup.ini
  done
}

function apt-depends {
  find-workspace
  check-packages
  for pkg in "${pks[@]}"
  do
    awk '
    @include "join"
    $1 == "@" {
      apg = $2
    }
    $1 == "requires:" {
      for (z=2; z<=NF; z++)
        reqs[apg][z-1] = $z
    }
    END {
      prpg(ENVIRON["pkg"])
    }
    function smartmatch(small, large,    values) {
      for (each in large)
        values[large[each]]
      return small in values
    }
    function prpg(fpg) {
      if (smartmatch(fpg, spath)) return
      spath[length(spath)+1] = fpg
      print join(spath, 1, length(spath), " > ")
      if (isarray(reqs[fpg]))
        for (each in reqs[fpg])
          prpg(reqs[fpg][each])
      delete spath[length(spath)]
    }
    ' setup.ini
  done
}

function apt-rdepends {
  find-workspace
  for pkg in "${pks[@]}"
  do
    awk '
    @include "join"
    $1 == "@" {
      apg = $2
    }
    $1 == "requires:" {
      for (z=2; z<=NF; z++)
        reqs[$z][length(reqs[$z])+1] = apg
    }
    END {
      prpg(ENVIRON["pkg"])
    }
    function smartmatch(small, large,    values) {
      for (each in large)
        values[large[each]]
      return small in values
    }
    function prpg(fpg) {
      if (smartmatch(fpg, spath)) return
      spath[length(spath)+1] = fpg
      print join(spath, 1, length(spath), " < ")
      if (isarray(reqs[fpg]))
        for (each in reqs[fpg])
          prpg(reqs[fpg][each])
      delete spath[length(spath)]
    }
    ' setup.ini
  done
}

function apt-download {
  check-packages
  find-workspace
  local pkg sbq
  for pkg in "${pks[@]}"
  do
    (( sbq++ )) && echo
    download "$pkg"
  done
}

function download {
  local pkg digest digactual
  pkg=$1
  # look for package and save desc file

  awk '$1 == pc' RS='\n\n@ ' FS='\n' pc=$pkg setup.ini > desc
  if [ ! -s desc ]
  then
    echo Unable to locate package $pkg
    exit 1
  fi

  # download and unpack the bz2 or xz file

  # pick the latest version, which comes first
  set -- $(awk '$1 == "install:"' desc)
  if (( ! $# ))
  then
    echo 'Could not find "install" in package description: obsolete package?'
    exit 1
  fi

  dn=$(dirname $2)
  bn=$(basename $2)

  # check the md5
  digest=$4
  case ${#digest} in
   32) hash=md5sum    ;;
  128) hash=sha512sum ;;
  esac
  mkdir -p "$cache/$mirrordir/$dn"
  cd "$cache/$mirrordir/$dn"
  if ! test -e $bn || ! $hash -c <<< "$digest $bn"
  then
    wget -O $bn $mirror/$dn/$bn
    $hash -c <<< "$digest $bn" || exit
  fi

  tar tf $bn | gzip > /etc/setup/"$pkg".lst.gz
  cd ~-
  mv desc "$cache/$mirrordir/$dn"
  echo $dn $bn > /tmp/dwn
}

function apt-search {
  check-packages
  echo Searching downloaded packages...
  for pkg in "${pks[@]}"
  do
    key=$(type -P "$pkg" | sed s./..)
    [[ $key ]] || key=$pkg
    for manifest in /etc/setup/*.lst.gz
    do
      if gzip -cd $manifest | grep -q "$key"
      then
        package=$(sed '
        s,/etc/setup/,,
        s,.lst.gz,,
        ' <<< $manifest)
        echo $package
      fi
    done
  done
}

function apt-searchall {
  cd /tmp
  for pkg in "${pks[@]}"
  do
    printf -v qs 'text=1&arch=%s&grep=%s' $arch "$pkg"
    wget -O matches cygwin.com/cgi-bin2/package-grep.cgi?"$qs"
    awk '
    NR == 1 {next}
    mc[$1]++ {next}
    /-debuginfo-/ {next}
    /^cygwin32-/ {next}
    {print $1}
    ' FS=-[[:digit:]] matches
  done
}

function apt-install {
  check-packages
  find-workspace
  local pkg dn bn requires wr package sbq script
  for pkg in "${pks[@]}"
  do

  if grep -q "^$pkg " /etc/setup/installed.db
  then
    echo Package $pkg is already installed, skipping
    continue
  fi
  (( sbq++ )) && echo
  echo Installing $pkg

  download $pkg
  read dn bn </tmp/dwn
  echo Unpacking...

  cd "$cache/$mirrordir/$dn"
  tar -x -C / -f $bn
  # update the package database

  awk '
  ins != 1 && pkg < $1 {
    print pkg, bz, 0
    ins = 1
  }
  1
  END {
    if (ins != 1) print pkg, bz, 0
  }
  ' pkg="$pkg" bz=$bn /etc/setup/installed.db > /tmp/awk.$$
  mv /etc/setup/installed.db /etc/setup/installed.db-save
  mv /tmp/awk.$$ /etc/setup/installed.db

  [ -v nodeps ] && continue
  # recursively install required packages

  requires=$(awk '$1=="requires", $0=$2' FS=': ' desc)
  cd ~-
  wr=0
  if [[ $requires ]]
  then
    echo Package $pkg requires the following packages, installing:
    echo $requires
    for package in $requires
    do
      if grep -q "^$package " /etc/setup/installed.db
      then
        echo Package $package is already installed, skipping
        continue
      fi
      apt-cyg install --noscripts $package || (( wr++ ))
    done
  fi
  if (( wr ))
  then
    echo some required packages did not install, continuing
  fi

  # run all postinstall scripts

  [ -v noscripts ] && continue
  find /etc/postinstall -name '*.sh' | while read script
  do
    echo Running $script
    $script
    mv $script $script.done
  done
  echo Package $pkg installed

  done
}

function apt-remove {
  check-packages
  cd /etc
  cygcheck awk bash bunzip2 grep gzip mv sed tar xz > setup/essential.lst
  for pkg in "${pks[@]}"
  do

  if ! grep -q "^$pkg " setup/installed.db
  then
    echo Package $pkg is not installed, skipping
    continue
  fi

  if [ ! -e setup/"$pkg".lst.gz ]
  then
    warn Package manifest missing, cannot remove $pkg. Exiting
    exit 1
  fi
  gzip -dk setup/"$pkg".lst.gz
  awk '
  NR == FNR {
    if ($NF) ess[$NF]
    next
  }
  $NF in ess {
    exit 1
  }
  ' FS='[/\\\\]' setup/{essential,$pkg}.lst
  esn=$?
  if [ $esn = 0 ]
  then
    echo Removing $pkg
    if [ -e preremove/"$pkg".sh ]
    then
      preremove/"$pkg".sh
      rm preremove/"$pkg".sh
    fi
    mapfile dt < setup/"$pkg".lst
    for each in ${dt[*]}
    do
      [ -f /$each ] && rm /$each
    done
    for each in ${dt[*]}
    do
      [ -d /$each ] && rmdir --i /$each
    done
    rm -f setup/"$pkg".lst.gz postinstall/"$pkg".sh.done
    awk -i inplace '$1 != ENVIRON["pkg"]' setup/installed.db
    echo Package $pkg removed
  fi
  rm setup/"$pkg".lst
  if [ $esn = 1 ]
  then
    warn apt-cyg cannot remove package $pkg, exiting
    exit 1
  fi

  done
}

function apt-mirror {
  if [ "$pks" ]
  then
    awk -i inplace '
    1
    /last-mirror/ {
      getline
      print "\t" pks
    }
    ' pks="$pks" /etc/setup/setup.rc
    echo Mirror set to "$pks".
  else
    awk '
    /last-mirror/ {
      getline
      print $1
    }
    ' /etc/setup/setup.rc
  fi
}

function apt-cache {
  if [ "$pks" ]
  then
    vas=$(cygpath -aw "$pks")
    awk -i inplace '
    1
    /last-cache/ {
      getline
      print "\t" vas
    }
    ' vas="${vas//\\/\\\\}" /etc/setup/setup.rc
    echo Cache set to "$vas".
  else
    awk '
    /last-cache/ {
      getline
      print $1
    }
    ' /etc/setup/setup.rc
  fi
}

if [ -p /dev/stdin ]
then
  mapfile -t pks
fi

# process options
until [ $# = 0 ]
do
  case "$1" in

    --nodeps)
      nodeps=1
      shift
    ;;

    --noscripts)
      noscripts=1
      shift
    ;;

    --version)
      printf "$version"
      exit
    ;;

    update)
      command=$1
      shift
    ;;

    list | cache  | remove | depends | listall  | download | listfiles |\
    show | mirror | search | install | category | rdepends | searchall )
      if [[ $command ]]
      then
        pks+=("$1")
      else
        command=$1
      fi
      shift
    ;;

    *)
      pks+=("$1")
      shift
    ;;

  esac
done

set -a

if type -t apt-$command | grep -q function
then
  readonly arch=${HOSTTYPE/i6/x}
  apt-$command
else
  printf "$usage"
fi

方式二

虽然我们上面安装好了 Cygwin,但还是很不方便,为什么呢?主要是因为 Cygwin目前设计的还不是很人性化。如果我们安装好Cygwin后,如果缺少了某个包想安装的话就特别麻烦。还需要重新安装 Cygwin才能解决,有没有更好的方式呢?

你遇到的困难,别人也会遇到,不同的是你要么忍了,要么不用了。可别人遇到困难后会去解决困难,这才是人与人之间最大的不同。

话扯的有点远哈。没错,已经有人帮我们解决了这个问题。这是一个很好用的开源工具,它叫 apt-cyg。它与 Ubuntu系统中的 apt一样特别好用,而且使用的方式与 apt也是一个样子的。

如何安装它呢?网上有很多方法,但很多不可行。大家按我这个方法操作一定可以安装成功。

其实,apt-cyg就是一个脚本。我们只需要将这个脚本下载下来就OK了。这里是apt-cyg的下载地址。大家可以在Cygwin下执行下面的命令就好了。

第一步:

1
wget -c https://raw.githubusercontent.com/transcode-open/apt-cyg/master/apt-cyg

第二步

1
install apt-cyg /bin

需要添加的环境变量

    C:\Cygwin\bin
    C:\Cygwin\sbin
    C:\Cygwin\usr\sbin

参考链接1

参考链接2

在当前文件夹打开

可以在文件资源管理器的地址栏运行cygwin的mintty,前提是设置好环境变量

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